Giant effect on structural, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties of lead-free Ba_0.6Sr_0.4Ti_1-xAl_xO₃ ceramics via Sr and Al Co-doping engineering

Abstract In this research, structural, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties of Al 3+ substituted Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 Ti 1-x x O 3 ceramics (where = 0.00 to 0.20) have been investigated discussed. The ceramic samples successfully synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method. crystallinity prepared has confirmed x-ray peak broadening techniques such as Williamson Hall (W-H) plot technique Scherrer lattice constant ‘ a ’, showing significant drop concentration increases, varies from 3.942 Å 3.921 Å. FTIR spectrum revealed prominent between 435 cm −1 540 , without any secondary phase. Raman spectroscopic analysis showed that are in cubic phase with no transition. shifting dominating at 580 is due development defects. VSM room temperature ferromagnetic characteristics all samples. highest value anisotropic (Ka ∼ 39.933 emu −3 ) seen 0.10. real component initial permeability almost for frequency range about 75 MHz, above range, it quickly reduces. At high-frequency show an excellent relative quality factor low dielectric loss, notably when 0.05. perovskites exhibited minimum eddy current loss increment AC resistivity 0.20. UV–visible spectroscopy shows change energy bandgap 3.23 eV 3.04 doping concentrations.